- Brightnesses and magnitudes https://astronomyhumanquest.com/part_3/chapter_15/tutorials/brightness_magnitude/[Equations (15.1) – (15.2); Table 15.1; pp. 599-603]
- Parallaxes and distances [Equation (15.3); pp. 605-609]
- Luminosities and absolute magnitudes [Equation (15.5); pp. 609-611]
- Determining stellar masses [Equations (15.6) – (15.10); pp. 611-616]
- Kepler’s total mass equation [Equation (15.6)]
- Center of mass and determining individual masses [Equations (15.7)-(15.10)]